Ανοιχτές Εκπαιδευτικές Πηγές - Open Educational Resources
Γενικές πληροφορίες
Σύμφωνα με την UNESCO – τον Εκπαιδευτικό Επιστημονικό και Πολιτιστικό Οργανισμό των Ηνωμένων, οι ανοιχτές εκπαιδευτικές πηγές (OER) αποτελούν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό ανεξαιρέτως μέσου, ψηφιακού ή αναλογικού, και από πλευράς πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων βρίσκονται στον δημόσιο τομέα ή κυκλοφορούν με κάποια άδεια ανοιχτών δικαιωμάτων, που επιτρέπει την δωρεάν πρόσβαση, χρήση, αναπροσαρμογή και επαναχρησιμοποίηση από τρίτους, χωρίς ή με ελάχιστους περιορισμούς. Από το 2002 έως σήμερα, οι OER έχουν αναγνωριστεί ευρέως από την διεθνή κοινότητα ως ένα πρωτοποριακό εργαλείο που μπορεί να αντιμετωπίσει τις προκλήσεις της δια βίου μάθησης σε όλες τις μορφωτικές και κοινωνικές βαθμίδες, διεθνώς. [1]
Τον Νοέμβριο του 2019, η UNESCO υιοθέτησε μια πρόταση σχετικά με τις Ανοιχτές Εκπαιδευτικές Πηγές. Το σημείο αυτό, είναι η κλιμάκωση των προσπαθειών πολλών φορέων, μεταξύ άλλων και της International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). Είναι επίσης σημαντικό να αναφέρουμε ότι το κείμενο της σύστασης εναρμονίζεται με τις προσπάθειες της UNESCO ώστε να πετύχει τους στόχους βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης για το 2030. [2] [3]
Η πρόταση αυτή περιέχει 5 στρατηγικά σημεία:
Η σχολική βιβλιοθήκη, με στόχο να ανταποκριθεί στην ολοένα αυξανόμενη ανάγκη για πληροφόρηση και γνώση, ανέπτυξε μια λίστα ηλεκτρονικών πηγών, που σχετίζονται με την εκπαίδευση και τον πολιτισμό, με περιγραφή στα Αγγλικά.
Βιβλία και επιστημονικά περιοδικά
The primary aim of DOAB is to increase discoverability of Open Access books and it covers most scientific subject areas.
Project Gutenberg is a library of over 60,000 free eBooks. Choose among free epub and Kindle eBooks, download them or read them online.
DOAJ is a community-curated online directory that indexes and provides access to high quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals. Currently contains 14,044 Journals, 11,098 searchable at Article level, 130 Countries, and 4,480,839 Articles.
Search for peer-reviewed journals, articles, book chapters and open access content, in Physical Sciences and Engineering, Life Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities.
PubMed is a free resource supporting the search and retrieval of biomedical and life sciences literature with the aim of improving health–both globally and personally. The PubMed database contains more than 30 million citations and abstracts of biomedical literature.
Βιβλιοθήκες και αρχεία
Explore 881,097 items digitized from The New York Public Library's collections. The site is a living database with new materials added every day, featuring prints, photographs, maps, manuscripts, streaming video, and more.
The British Library’s collections on Flickr Commons offer access to millions of public domain images, which we encourage you to explore and re-use. The release of these collections into the public domain represent the Library's desire to improve knowledge of and about them, to enable novel and unexpected ways of using them, and to begin working with researchers to explore and interpret large scale digital collections.
Smithsonian Libraries has over seven thousand rare books, journals and manuscripts online on subjects ranging from advertising and aeronautics to zinc sculpture and Zuni cuisine, though the focus is on the broad topics of History and Culture, Art and Design, and Science and Technology.
The National Library of Greece offers access to both commercial and open licensed electronic resources. Electronic resources of open access are freely available for everyone. They contain high-quality, valid, representative resources, in terms of subject areas and popularity inside the scientific community.
Pergamos - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
"Pergamos" is the Unified Institutional Repository / Digital Library Platform (UIRDLP) of the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA).It includes material types such as: digital educational and cultural value collections, graduate diploma theses, doctoral dissertations, rare digitized material, archives and private collections, training material for students with disabilities and scientific publications.
Biodiversity Heritage Library
The Biodiversity Heritage Library improves research methodology by collaboratively making biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community.
Χάρτες
The collection focuses on rare 16th through 21st century maps of North and South America, as well as maps of the World, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania. The collection includes atlases, wall maps, globes, school geographies, pocket maps, books of exploration, maritime charts, and a variety of cartographic materials including pocket, wall, children's, and manuscript maps.
The Map Collection houses geographic materials from all periods. Explore paper maps, geospatial data, and map-making software. We can help you find ways to use maps and spatial thinking in your life, research, and teaching.
Συλλογές πολυμέσων The Internet Archive, a non-profit organization, is building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Like a paper library, we provide free access to researchers, historians, scholars, the print disabled, and the general public.
Open Culture brings together high-quality cultural & educational media for the worldwide lifelong learning community. Free resources among others, include lectures, audiobooks, courses, movies.
A wide variety of digital collections, library catalogues, university thesis and scientific research, indexes and software is made available in National’s Documentation Center (EKT) infrastructure. Discover primary and bibliographic resources for usage in research, education, and lifelong learning.
Έργα τέχνης και εικόνες
The Cavafy Archive consists of manuscripts of poems, hand-compiled printed editions, prose literary works, articles, studies and notes by the poet. The digital collection invites you to discover all of the above, along with C. P. Cavafy’s personal archive rich in correspondence, texts, and photographs.
At the Cleveland Museum of Art, Open Access means the public now has the ability to share, collaborate, remix, and reuse images of many as 30,000 public- domain artworks from the CMA's world-renowned collection of art for commercial and non-commercial purposes.
NGA Images is a repository of digital images of the collections of the National Gallery of Art. On this website you can search, browse, share, and download more than 51,000 images.
Europeana Collections provides access to over 50 million digitised items such as books, music, artworks and more, with sophisticated search and filter tools. The dedicated thematic collections on art, fashion, music, photography and World War I contain galleries, blogs and exhibitions to inform and inspire.
Whether you're an artist or a designer, an educator or a student, a professional or a hobbyist, you now have more than 406,000 images of artworks from The Met collection to use, share, and remix—without restriction.
Paris Musées is now offering 100,000+ digital reproductions of artworks in the city’s museums as Open Access via its Collections portal. Paris Musées is a public entity that oversees the 14 municipal museums of Paris, including the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Petit Palais, and the Catacombs.
Ήχος και Μουσική
LibriVox is a group of worldwide volunteers who read and record public domain texts creating free public domain audiobooks for download from their website and other digital library hosting sites on the internet.
IMSLP stands for International Music Score Library Project and started on February 16, 2006. It is a project for the creation of a virtual library of public domain music scores based on the wiki principle; it is also more than that. Users can exchange musical ideas through the site, submit their own compositions, or listen to other people's composition; this makes IMSLP an ever-growing musical community of music lovers for music lovers.
Βιβλιογραφία:
Σύμφωνα με την UNESCO – τον Εκπαιδευτικό Επιστημονικό και Πολιτιστικό Οργανισμό των Ηνωμένων, οι ανοιχτές εκπαιδευτικές πηγές (OER) αποτελούν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό ανεξαιρέτως μέσου, ψηφιακού ή αναλογικού, και από πλευράς πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων βρίσκονται στον δημόσιο τομέα ή κυκλοφορούν με κάποια άδεια ανοιχτών δικαιωμάτων, που επιτρέπει την δωρεάν πρόσβαση, χρήση, αναπροσαρμογή και επαναχρησιμοποίηση από τρίτους, χωρίς ή με ελάχιστους περιορισμούς. Από το 2002 έως σήμερα, οι OER έχουν αναγνωριστεί ευρέως από την διεθνή κοινότητα ως ένα πρωτοποριακό εργαλείο που μπορεί να αντιμετωπίσει τις προκλήσεις της δια βίου μάθησης σε όλες τις μορφωτικές και κοινωνικές βαθμίδες, διεθνώς. [1]
Τον Νοέμβριο του 2019, η UNESCO υιοθέτησε μια πρόταση σχετικά με τις Ανοιχτές Εκπαιδευτικές Πηγές. Το σημείο αυτό, είναι η κλιμάκωση των προσπαθειών πολλών φορέων, μεταξύ άλλων και της International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA). Είναι επίσης σημαντικό να αναφέρουμε ότι το κείμενο της σύστασης εναρμονίζεται με τις προσπάθειες της UNESCO ώστε να πετύχει τους στόχους βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης για το 2030. [2] [3]
Η πρόταση αυτή περιέχει 5 στρατηγικά σημεία:
- Υποστήριξη της συνεργασίας μεταξύ των χωρών για την ελαχιστοποίηση του περιττού διπλότυπου στην ανάπτυξη ανοικτών πόρων.
- Να υποστηρίξει τη δημιουργία αειφόρων μοντέλων για τις ανοικτές εκπαιδευτικές πηγές σε εθνικό, κρατικό ή περιφερειακό επίπεδο, εργασία που θα μπορούσε να περιλαμβάνει πιλοτική δοκιμή νέων προσεγγίσεων για τις ανοικτές εκπαιδευτικές πηγές.
- Ενθάρρυνση δίκαιης πρόσβασης στις ανοιχτές εκπαιδευτικές πλατφόρμες και χρήση τεχνολογίας που επιτρέπει την απρόσκοπτη ανταλλαγή υλικού από τους δημιουργούς και τους διανομείς αυτής της εργασίας.
- Πιέσεις από τις κυβερνήσεις και τις εκπαιδευτικές υπηρεσίες να υιοθετήσουν πολιτικές για την υποστήριξη της ανοικτής αδειοδότησης των εκπαιδευτικών και ερευνητικών υλικών που χρηματοδοτούνται από το δημόσιο.
- Να δοθεί η δυνατότητα σε διαφορετικές εκπαιδευτικές κοινότητες να δημιουργούν, να αναπροσαρμόζουν, να τροποποιούν και να διανέμουν OER και να χρησιμοποιούν ανοικτές άδειες χρήσης.
Η σχολική βιβλιοθήκη, με στόχο να ανταποκριθεί στην ολοένα αυξανόμενη ανάγκη για πληροφόρηση και γνώση, ανέπτυξε μια λίστα ηλεκτρονικών πηγών, που σχετίζονται με την εκπαίδευση και τον πολιτισμό, με περιγραφή στα Αγγλικά.
Βιβλία και επιστημονικά περιοδικά
The primary aim of DOAB is to increase discoverability of Open Access books and it covers most scientific subject areas.
Project Gutenberg is a library of over 60,000 free eBooks. Choose among free epub and Kindle eBooks, download them or read them online.
DOAJ is a community-curated online directory that indexes and provides access to high quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals. Currently contains 14,044 Journals, 11,098 searchable at Article level, 130 Countries, and 4,480,839 Articles.
Search for peer-reviewed journals, articles, book chapters and open access content, in Physical Sciences and Engineering, Life Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities.
- Jstor (open content)
PubMed is a free resource supporting the search and retrieval of biomedical and life sciences literature with the aim of improving health–both globally and personally. The PubMed database contains more than 30 million citations and abstracts of biomedical literature.
- Scopus (open access sources)
Βιβλιοθήκες και αρχεία
Explore 881,097 items digitized from The New York Public Library's collections. The site is a living database with new materials added every day, featuring prints, photographs, maps, manuscripts, streaming video, and more.
The British Library’s collections on Flickr Commons offer access to millions of public domain images, which we encourage you to explore and re-use. The release of these collections into the public domain represent the Library's desire to improve knowledge of and about them, to enable novel and unexpected ways of using them, and to begin working with researchers to explore and interpret large scale digital collections.
Smithsonian Libraries has over seven thousand rare books, journals and manuscripts online on subjects ranging from advertising and aeronautics to zinc sculpture and Zuni cuisine, though the focus is on the broad topics of History and Culture, Art and Design, and Science and Technology.
The National Library of Greece offers access to both commercial and open licensed electronic resources. Electronic resources of open access are freely available for everyone. They contain high-quality, valid, representative resources, in terms of subject areas and popularity inside the scientific community.
Pergamos - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
"Pergamos" is the Unified Institutional Repository / Digital Library Platform (UIRDLP) of the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA).It includes material types such as: digital educational and cultural value collections, graduate diploma theses, doctoral dissertations, rare digitized material, archives and private collections, training material for students with disabilities and scientific publications.
Biodiversity Heritage Library
The Biodiversity Heritage Library improves research methodology by collaboratively making biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community.
Χάρτες
The collection focuses on rare 16th through 21st century maps of North and South America, as well as maps of the World, Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania. The collection includes atlases, wall maps, globes, school geographies, pocket maps, books of exploration, maritime charts, and a variety of cartographic materials including pocket, wall, children's, and manuscript maps.
The Map Collection houses geographic materials from all periods. Explore paper maps, geospatial data, and map-making software. We can help you find ways to use maps and spatial thinking in your life, research, and teaching.
Συλλογές πολυμέσων The Internet Archive, a non-profit organization, is building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Like a paper library, we provide free access to researchers, historians, scholars, the print disabled, and the general public.
Open Culture brings together high-quality cultural & educational media for the worldwide lifelong learning community. Free resources among others, include lectures, audiobooks, courses, movies.
A wide variety of digital collections, library catalogues, university thesis and scientific research, indexes and software is made available in National’s Documentation Center (EKT) infrastructure. Discover primary and bibliographic resources for usage in research, education, and lifelong learning.
Έργα τέχνης και εικόνες
The Cavafy Archive consists of manuscripts of poems, hand-compiled printed editions, prose literary works, articles, studies and notes by the poet. The digital collection invites you to discover all of the above, along with C. P. Cavafy’s personal archive rich in correspondence, texts, and photographs.
At the Cleveland Museum of Art, Open Access means the public now has the ability to share, collaborate, remix, and reuse images of many as 30,000 public- domain artworks from the CMA's world-renowned collection of art for commercial and non-commercial purposes.
NGA Images is a repository of digital images of the collections of the National Gallery of Art. On this website you can search, browse, share, and download more than 51,000 images.
Europeana Collections provides access to over 50 million digitised items such as books, music, artworks and more, with sophisticated search and filter tools. The dedicated thematic collections on art, fashion, music, photography and World War I contain galleries, blogs and exhibitions to inform and inspire.
Whether you're an artist or a designer, an educator or a student, a professional or a hobbyist, you now have more than 406,000 images of artworks from The Met collection to use, share, and remix—without restriction.
Paris Musées is now offering 100,000+ digital reproductions of artworks in the city’s museums as Open Access via its Collections portal. Paris Musées is a public entity that oversees the 14 municipal museums of Paris, including the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Petit Palais, and the Catacombs.
Ήχος και Μουσική
LibriVox is a group of worldwide volunteers who read and record public domain texts creating free public domain audiobooks for download from their website and other digital library hosting sites on the internet.
IMSLP stands for International Music Score Library Project and started on February 16, 2006. It is a project for the creation of a virtual library of public domain music scores based on the wiki principle; it is also more than that. Users can exchange musical ideas through the site, submit their own compositions, or listen to other people's composition; this makes IMSLP an ever-growing musical community of music lovers for music lovers.
Βιβλιογραφία:
- UNESCO website, Open Educational Resources,
- IFLA website, Another step towards Open Educational Resources thanks to UNESCO's recommendation, https://www.ifla.org/node/92708#_ftn1
- “Οι Ανοιχτές Πηγές Εκπαίδευσης (Open Education Resources – OER) Λαμβάνουν Διεθνή Υποστήριξη Με Ψήφο Της UNESCO | Ίδρυμα Ανοικτής Γνώσης Ελλάδας OK Greece.” https://tinyurl.com/ukrt9z
